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Python Enhancement Proposals

PEP 624 – Remove Py_UNICODE encoder APIs

Author:
Inada Naoki <songofacandy at gmail.com>
Status:
Final
Type:
Standards Track
Created:
06-Jul-2020
Python-Version:
3.11
Post-History:
08-Jul-2020

Table of Contents

Abstract

This PEP proposes to remove deprecated Py_UNICODE encoder APIs in Python 3.11:

  • PyUnicode_Encode()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeASCII()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap()
  • PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal()
  • PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII()

Note

PEP 623 propose to remove Unicode object APIs relating to Py_UNICODE. On the other hand, this PEP is not relating to Unicode object. These PEPs are split because they have different motivations and need different discussions.

Motivation

In general, reducing the number of APIs that have been deprecated for a long time and have few users is a good idea for not only it improves the maintainability of CPython, but it also helps API users and other Python implementations.

Rationale

Deprecated since Python 3.3

Py_UNICODE and APIs using it has been deprecated since Python 3.3.

Inefficient

All of these APIs are implemented using PyUnicode_FromWideChar. So these APIs are inefficient when user want to encode Unicode object.

Not used widely

When searching from the top 4000 PyPI packages [1], only pyodbc use these APIs.

  • PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16()

pyodbc uses these APIs to encode Unicode object into bytes object. So it is easy to fix it. [2]

Alternative APIs

There are alternative APIs to accept PyObject *unicode instead of Py_UNICODE *. Users can migrate to them.

Deprecated API Alternative APIs
PyUnicode_Encode() PyUnicode_AsEncodedString()
PyUnicode_EncodeASCII() PyUnicode_AsASCIIString() (1)
PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1() PyUnicode_AsLatin1String() (1)
PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7() (2)
PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8() PyUnicode_AsUTF8String() (1)
PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16() PyUnicode_AsUTF16String() (3)
PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32() PyUnicode_AsUTF32String() (3)
PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape() PyUnicode_AsUnicodeEscapeString()
PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape() PyUnicode_AsRawUnicodeEscapeString()
PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap() PyUnicode_AsCharmapString() (1)
PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap() PyUnicode_Translate()
PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal() (4)
PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII() (4)

Notes:

  1. const char *errors parameter is missing.
  2. There is no public alternative API. But user can use generic PyUnicode_AsEncodedString() instead.
  3. const char *errors, int byteorder parameters are missing.
  4. There is no direct replacement. But Py_UNICODE_TODECIMAL can be used instead. CPython uses _PyUnicode_TransformDecimalAndSpaceToASCII for converting from Unicode to numbers instead.

Plan

Remove these APIs in Python 3.11. They have been deprecated already.

  • PyUnicode_Encode()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeASCII()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap()
  • PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap()
  • PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal()
  • PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII()

Alternative Ideas

Replace Py_UNICODE* with PyObject*

As described in the “Alternative APIs” section, some APIs don’t have public alternative APIs accepting PyObject *unicode input. And some public alternative APIs have restrictions like missing errors and byteorder parameters.

Instead of removing deprecated APIs, we can reuse their names for alternative public APIs.

Since we have private alternative APIs already, it is just renaming from private name to public and deprecated names.

Rename to Rename from
PyUnicode_EncodeASCII() _PyUnicode_AsASCIIString()
PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1() _PyUnicode_AsLatin1String()
PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7() _PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7()
PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8() _PyUnicode_AsUTF8String()
PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16() _PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16()
PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32() _PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32()

Pros:

  • We have a more consistent API set.

Cons:

  • Backward incompatible.
  • We have more public APIs to maintain for rare use cases.
  • Existing public APIs are enough for most use cases, and PyUnicode_AsEncodedString() can be used in other cases.

Replace Py_UNICODE* with Py_UCS4*

We can replace Py_UNICODE with Py_UCS4 and undeprecate these APIs.

UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32 encoders support Py_UCS4 internally. So PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8(), PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16(), and PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32() can avoid to create a temporary Unicode object.

Pros:

  • We can avoid creating temporary Unicode object when encoding from Py_UCS4* into bytes object with UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32 codecs.

Cons:

  • Backward incompatible.
  • We have more public APIs to maintain for rare use cases.
  • Other Python implementations that want to support Python/C API need to support these APIs too.
  • If we change the Unicode internal representation to UTF-8 in the future, we need to keep UCS-4 support only for these APIs.

Replace Py_UNICODE* with wchar_t*

We can replace Py_UNICODE with wchar_t. Since Py_UNICODE is typedef of wchar_t already, this is status quo.

On platforms where sizeof(wchar_t) == 4, we can avoid to create a temporary Unicode object when encoding from wchar_t* to bytes objects using UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32 codec, like the “Replace Py_UNICODE* with Py_UCS4*” idea.

Pros:

  • Backward compatible.
  • We can avoid creating temporary Unicode object when encode from Py_UCS4* into bytes object with UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32 codecs on platform where sizeof(wchar_t) == 4.

Cons:

  • Although Windows is the most major platform that uses wchar_t heavily, these APIs need to create a temporary Unicode object always because sizeof(wchar_t) == 2 on Windows.
  • We have more public APIs to maintain for rare use cases.
  • Other Python implementations that want to support Python/C API need to support these APIs too.
  • If we change the Unicode internal representation to UTF-8 in the future, we need to keep UCS-4 support only for these APIs.

Rejected Ideas

Emit runtime warning

In addition to existing compiler warning, emitting runtime DeprecationWarning is suggested.

But these APIs doesn’t release GIL for now. Emitting a warning from such APIs is not safe. See this example.

PyObject *u = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, i);  // u is borrowed reference.
PyObject *b = PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8(PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(u),
        PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(u), NULL);
// Assumes u is still living reference.
PyObject *t = PyTuple_Pack(2, u, b);
Py_DECREF(b);
return t;

If we emit Python warning from PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8(), warning filters and other threads may change the list and u can be a dangling reference after PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8() returned.

Discussions

Objections

  • Removing these APIs removes ability to use codec without temporary Unicode.
    • Codecs can not encode Unicode buffer directly without temporary Unicode object since Python 3.3. All these APIs creates temporary Unicode object for now. So removing them doesn’t reduce any abilities.
  • Why not remove decoder APIs too?
    • They are part of stable ABI.
    • PyUnicode_DecodeASCII() and PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8() are used very widely. Deprecating them is not worth enough.
    • Decoder APIs can decode from byte buffer directly, without creating temporary bytes object. On the other hand, encoder APIs can not avoid temporary Unicode object.

References


Source: https://github.com/python/peps/blob/main/peps/pep-0624.rst

Last modified: 2023-09-09 17:39:29 GMT